An Introduction to Waves

Waves is a word that we have commonly heard throughout our life ranging from the ones we see at the calm ocean to the invisible ones that move past us. However, what does a wave actually mean?

2. Waves are defined as travelling disturbances that function to transfer energy from a source to

          the surroundings. ( Note : Waves transfer energy and not particles!)

3. Now, a little deeper, you should know that 2 types of waves exist in our world which can be
           divided into:
          a) transvese waves
              - Waves in which the particles of the wave vibrate perpendicular to the direction of
                 propogation.

Sea waves are an example of a transverse waves

b) longitudinal waves
- Waves in which the particles of the wave vibrate parallel to the direction of
propogation

Image result for longitudinal waves

Sound waves are a type of longitudinal waves

4. Differences in the waves
Image result for transverse wave

     THE COMPONENTS OF A WAVE

                         Wave diagram

1.   Amplitude - Maximum displacement of the wave particle
2.   Period(T)         - The time taken for one complete oscillation
3.   Frequency(f)    - The number of oscillations completed in 1 sec
4.   Displacement(s) - Distance of the wave particle from the equilibrium position

   OSCILLATING SYSTEMS

OSCILLATION OF A SIMPLE PENDULUM BOB

    1. Oscillation/ Vibration is a to-and-fro motion along the same path.

    2. Related formula :
        a) Period of oscillation - 2Л√(l/g)
b) l = length of pendulum
   g = acceleration due to gravity
             mass does not affect the equation





Image result for oscillating vibration of a spring

Image result for oscillating vibration of a spring

     3. Related formula : a) Period of oscillation- 2Л√(m/k)
                                          m - mass of the load
                                          k - spring constant

   WAVELENGTH( 𝛌)

   1. The distance between 2 successive points which has the same phase

   2. Two points in the same phase have same displacement and direction of vibration
        of vibration are the same phase.

   3. The distance between 2 successive crests or troughs.

   4. The speed of the wave is the distance travelled by the wave per unit time.

   5. Frequency of a wave is the number of cycles completed per second.


    IMPORTANT FORMULAS THROUGHOUT THE TOPIC

    1. Period , T = 1/F or F = 1/T ( F = frequency, T = period)

    2. Wave formula :
   a) v = f𝛌
   - v = speed of the wave
   - f = frequency of the wave
   - 𝛌 = wavelength

    PHENOMENON INVOLVING   WAVES

1. Reflection
   Image result for reflection of waves

2. Refraction
   $Image result for refraction of waves$

   3. Diffraction
$Image result for diffraction of waves$

    4. Interference

   Image result for interference of waves

Conclusion : If you would like to know more about waves , please take a look at this video clip here
   .    That's all from me. Bye!

An Introduction to Waves

Sunday, 4 March 2018

An Introduction To Waves