An Introduction To Waves

1. Waves is a word that we have commonly heard throughout our life ranging from the ones we see at the calm ocean to the invisible ones that move past us. However, what does a wave actually mean?

     

      2. Waves are defined as travelling disturbances that function to transfer energy from a source to   

          the surroundings. ( Note : Waves transfer energy and not particles!)

      3. Now, a little deeper, you should know that 2 types of waves exist in our world which can be
           divided into:
          a) transvese waves
              - Waves in which the particles of the wave vibrate perpendicular to the direction of
                 propogation.


     
    
        













 Sea waves are an example of a transverse waves

   
      b) longitudinal waves
           - Waves in which the particles of the wave vibrate parallel to the direction of
              propogation






 Sound waves are a type of longitudinal waves


    4. Differences in the waves


    
     THE COMPONENTS OF A WAVE        

                         Wave  diagram

1.   Amplitude       - Maximum displacement of the wave particle
2.   Period(T)         -  The time taken for one complete oscillation
3.   Frequency(f)    - The number of oscillations completed in 1 sec
4.   Displacement(s) - Distance of the wave particle from the equilibrium position


   OSCILLATING  SYSTEMS 

   

OSCILLATION OF A SIMPLE PENDULUM BOB

    1. Oscillation/ Vibration is a to-and-fro motion along the same path.
   
    2. Related formula :
        a) Period of oscillation - 2Л√(l/g)
        b) l = length of pendulum
             g =  acceleration due to gravity
             mass does not affect the equation


    










     



 


 
     3. Related formula : a) Period of oscillation- 2Л√(m/k)
                                          m - mass of the load
                                          k - spring constant



     WAVELENGTH( 𝛌)   
     








                                       
   1. The distance between 2 successive points which has the same phase

   2. Two points in the same phase have same displacement and direction of vibration
        of vibration are the same phase.

   3. The distance between 2 successive crests or troughs.

   4. The speed of the wave is the distance travelled by the wave per unit time.

   5. Frequency of a wave is the number of cycles completed per second.


  
    IMPORTANT FORMULAS THROUGHOUT THE TOPIC 
 
    1. Period , T = 1/F  or  F = 1/T  ( F = frequency, T = period)
  
    2. Wave formula :
         a) v = f𝛌
             - v = speed of the wave
             - f = frequency of the wave
             - 𝛌 = wavelength


    PHENOMENON  INVOLVING   WAVES   
    
    1. Reflection
           

    2. Refraction
      


   3.  Diffraction
     
   
    4. Interference

         




     
  
  Conclusion : If you would like to know more about waves , please take a look at this video clip here
                       .    That's all from me. Bye!